Fig. 2

A simple flowchart of international logistics process. Figure 2 shows a simple description of the business model for freight transportation by ships. International trade plays an important role for a country’s economy. The parts/goods are transported among countries every day. The parts and goods are transported from a factory to another country through the freight forwarders and the carrier company. From a cost perspective, shipping companies pay a price to the carriers or freight forwarders, then the carriers or freight forwarders add a markup for profit and might hire other forwarders. It should be noticed that there may be more than one freight forwarders for one goods