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Table 4 Nomenclature of important parameters

From: Bio-inspired optimization algorithms applied to rectenna design

\(\hbar \)

Planck’s constant

V(r)

Potential energy distribution

Mbest

Best position of particle in the direction d

β

Contraction-expansion coefficient

p j.d

Local attractor of particle j in direction d

u

Gaussian distributed number within [0,1]

k

Random value within [0,1]