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Table 8 Comparison between the properties of designed antenna based on QPSO, CS, and DE for antenna size less than 150 mm

From: Bio-inspired optimization algorithms applied to rectenna design

Property

DE

CS

QPSO

Antenna gain (dBi)

3.82

3.78

3.736

Antenna effciency

0.4902

0.45

0.483

Efficient bandwidth ratio

0.425

0.4115

0.411

Patch width (mm)

150

147.1

149.04

Patch length (mm)

37.294

37.285

37.75

Inset feed length (mm)

2.2649

29.21

3.23 · 10−5

Notch width (mm)

0.2549

0.2549

0.0374

Run time (s)

92.181

99.606

66.2068